Populasi Volume 10 Nomor 2 Tahun 1999

02 November 2012 - 09:05:00 | admin

Migrasi Legal dan Ilegal Ke Malaysia Barat: Kasus Migrasi Internasional di Pulau Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat
Bambang Wicaksono Triantoro

The problem of Indonesian illegal migrant workers to foreign countries will always be a crucial issue. The international migrant workers issue rose when many Indonesian migrant workers to foreign countries were treated badly when seen from a humanity and law aspect. The data of this research made use of the research data conducted by the International Migration Team, Population Studies Center, Gadjah Mada University comprising of 355 return migrants from Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara in 1998. The return migrants acted as respondents were randomly selected. The methods used in this research were quantitative and qualitative with secondary data analysis. Results of the research indicated that individual, institutional (structural) and environmental context influences the program effectiveness. The institutional context such as bureaucracy and the environmental context were the existence of informal institution and accessibility of also gives contribution towards consideration in determining the choice of the migration procedure, especially in determining the legal migration procedure.

Konteks Sosiokultural Migrasi Internasional: Kasus Di Lewotolok, Flores Timur
Setiadi

One of the extern factors that caused the socio-cultural change in a society is migration. How the migration process influenced the alteration process was so much influenced by the area of origin. The impact of international migration to the area of origin were influenced by the new value inter relation brought by migrants such as the physical, socio-economic and socio cultural aspect. The research results with an anthropological approach, supported with survey data in one of the sub districts in East Flores, showed that the strength of traditional value in controlling migrant behaviors existed through formalization with various social control systems. This system could eliminate the negative impact of migration, even though the condition could cause a society dynamic block. The physical condition of the research area that could not be developed also made it more hampered. Hence, modernization and the area development process could not be spurred with international migration.

Dampak Sosial Migrasi Tenaga Kerja Ke Malaysia
Wini Tamtiari

From an economics point of view, the phenomena of migrant workers to Malaysia have more a positive impact than the negative one. Yet, from a different perspective of the social-psychological, there is a main concern of the negative impact suffered particularly by the family of migrant workers in the sending countries. Migrant workers to Malaysia, especially men as head of families, have altered the life patterns of family members left in the sending countries. This turnabout has eventually disturbed a family life which leads to family stress and disruption. The result of the present study carried out at one of the several villages known as a migrant workers pocket in East Lombok show, that the turnabout has influenced a step of divorcement and separation among migrant workers’ families. By and large this occurrence can be recognized from increase divorce rates compared to the prior time of migrant workers mania to Malaysia.

Urbanisasi dan Pengembangan Kota di Indonesia
Prijono Tjiptoherijanto

Urbanization is not simply the phenomenon of a population problem, but is also a political, social, cultural, and economic phenomenon. Study of urbanization patterns is important due to abundance reports which point out that rapid expansion of the population growth rate, living in big cities has increased enormously. The problems associated with exaggerated growth may create a primary city that in its excessive process will have negative and disadvantage impacts for the development and the well-being of such a city.

The omnipresent growth of slums, the underprivileged areas in the center and the outskirts of a city has provided robust evidence that the proper plans at the heart of this, is paramount importance to the city development with regard to its inhabitants. Effective solutions to urbanization problems and to establish a relevant city development are to utilize efficiency in people empowerment as well as the equitable distribution of the public welfare, not just cosmetic and artificiality of the city development plan.

Pedagang Kaki Lima Pada Masa Krisis
Agus Joko Pitoyo

Based on a survey of 325 street vendors in Yogyakarta Special Region that was conducted by the Population Studies Center of Gadjah Mada University, this study would like to analyze the contribution of income and prospect of the informal sector on household economy. It was found that earning in the informal sector constitutes the source of household income. Most street vendors said that income in the informal sector would help them improve on the household economic status. Working as a street vendor is a good choice. It has a good prospect and can be developed in the future.

This research has also shown that the informal sector is capable to survive in the crisis. Caused by more flexibility, the number of people absorbed in the informal sector is even able to earn higher incomes. This implies that providing access to informal sector with such a high commitment of both government and non-governmental institutions, it is one important policy in helping them have better conditions in an economic household. Accordingly, it will in turn have an impact on increasing the economic scale of the informal sector.

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