POPULASI Volume 23 Nomor 1 Tahun 2015

13 April 2016 - 16:46:15 | admin

Bonus Demografi Sebagai Mesin Pertumbuhan Ekonomi: Jendela Peluang atau Jendela Bencana di Indonesia?
Wasisto Raharjo Jati (Peneliti Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia/LIPI)

Abstract
This article analyzes the correlation between demographic bonus and economic growth in Indonesia. Demographic bonus is assumed to be able to pushing up national economy through growth of productive manpower. In the case of Indonesia, demographic bonus is still not optimized to the fullest due to government policy which is still reluctant about it. Indonesian economic growth has grown through massive consumption from middle class earned from demographic bonus. Consumption, however, needs to be balanced with productivity so Indonesia can avoid middle-income countries trap. Therefore, this article will be elaborated more deeply towards demographic bonus in the context of Indonesian economy.

Keywords: demographic bonus, economic growth, and middle class

Pengambilan Keputusan Penggunaan Alat Kontrasepsi Istri dalam Keluarga
Setiadi (Dosen Antropologi, FIB UGM), Lilik Iswanto (Mantan Asisten Peneliti PSKK UGM)

Abstract
One of the keys to successful family planning is the participation of wives and husbands in the use of contraceptives. The use of contraceptives is still predominantly carried out by the wife. Decision making in the use of contraceptives by the wife is affected by several factors. The level of knowledge and experience of contraceptive use will affect the decision-making. Many wives do not know the best contraception for her and how the advantages and disadvantages of each contraceptive methods. The factor’s wife worked outside the home have an influence on the increased determination of the wife in making decisions. In the age group above 24 years, the wife also has a strong enough role. Similarly, for the determination of the ability of wives to take decisions on the use of contraceptives.

Keywords: decision making, family planning

Tren Pemakaian Alat Kontrasepsi di Indonesia 1991-2012
Sumini (Peneliti PSKK UGM) dan Yam’ah Tsalatsa (Dosen Akademi Sekretaris dan Manajemen Desanta)

Abstract
The research aimed to identify trends of contraceptive use in Indonesia during 1991-2012 divided into before reformation (1991-1997) and after reformation (2002/3-2012). Analysis was based on Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey year 1991, 1994, 1997, 2002/2003, 2007, and 2012. The sample of this research were married women by the age of 15-49. The discussion is based on the two periods, 1991-1997 and 2002/2003-2012. This research found that contraceptive use increased significantly in the period of 1991-1997, but not significant during period 2002/2003-2012. This condition had been associated with trend of TFR in both period. The difference was related to the implementation of the family planning program. There were two main contraceptives which were most likely used since 1991 until 2012: pill and injections. The trend of injection usage continually increased, while pill decreased. This study also found that although the modern contraceptive use continually increases, but the traditional ones remains. The modern contraceptive use was found decreasing in a few provinces, such as DIY, Bali, NTT, and Maluku.

Keywords: contraceptives, pill and injection, family planning

The Inhibiting Factors of Fertility Rate Decrease and the Direction of Family Planning Program Revitalization
Muhadjir Darwin (Profesor Fisipol UGM), Dewi Haryani Susilastuti (Dosen Pascasarjana UGM), Yam’ah Tsalatsa (Dosen Akademi Sekretaris dan Manajemen Indonesia), Triyastuti Setianingrum (Peneliti PSKK UGM), and Sumini (Peneliti PSKK UGM).

Abstract
This paper analyzes stagnation of fertility rate decrease in Indonesia. Population balance can be achieved by controlling fertility. Indonesian survey of demography and health in 2012, however, shows no significant difference of fertility rates from similar survey in 2002 and 2007. In addition to that, there are factors such as the shifting political paradigm in the developing world, change of local governance, and institutional change that influence the stagnation of fertility rate decrease. This writing recommends ways to accommodate balance between democratic system and effective achievement. Besides, the decrease of fertility rate also requires serious commitment and determination of local government to participate. For this goal, sociological and cultural model can be used as an alternative to transform the behavior of society.

Keywords: TFR stagnation, contraceptives, family planning, decentralization

Siasat Bertahan, Model Pengelolaan Remitansi, dan Usaha Mikro Keluarga Buruh Migran
Paulus Rudolf Yuniarto (Peneliti Bidang Perkembangan Asia Pasifik, PSDR-LIPI)

Abstract
This paper describes an understanding on problem encountered by migrant labor, especially in their daily lives, as well as their strategies in overcoming their overwhelming problem. Data used as the base for the research was observation and interview of labor migrant families in Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara. Migrant remittances, household coping strategies and local institution are important things to know in order to have a comprehensive knowledge for organizing migrant issue by migrant labor organization. Understanding the real matters of labor migrant condition will implicate in organizing the migrants so they will become asset in the future. To some extent, the knowledge could also give an alternative idea on the relation between migrant community in local level and labor organization in class movement.

Keywords: migrant remittances, household coping strategies, local institution

Do Remittances “Make It” for Members Left Behind? Urban to Rural Remittances by Migrants in Four Indonesian Cities
Tadjuddin Noer Effendi (Professor, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada)

Abstract
This paper examines the nature, extent, and effect of remittances sent by urban migrants to home villages. More specifically it examines: the magnitude of remittances, type and background of migrants sending remittance, the extent of remittances sent, and the use of remittances. This study is carried out in four major cities in Indonesia that have experienced significant inflows of rural–urban migrants over the past few decades: Tangerang in Banten, Samarinda in East Kalimantan, Medan in North Sumatra and Makassar in South Sulawesi. Using survey data collected in 2008-2009, this study found that, over time, rural-urban migrants have an opportunity to save portion of their income that subsequently send the remittances out to home village. Rural-urban migrants seem need time to be older and reach a certain level of income before they begin to send remittance. Statistically, age is among personal backgrounds that have significant effect on propensity to send or not send remittances. One of important social dimensions of rural-urban migration in many developing countries is its effect on household members, particularly household members or children left behind. This does not seem to be the case in four cities under study, where many urban-rural migrants are accompanied by their members (wives and children).

Keywords: rural-urban migrants, remittance, household members.

BOOK REVIEW: Pertarungan antara Keahlian dan Kepentingan, serta Implikasinya pada Kebijakan: Pelajaran dari Amerika Serikat
Oto Adi Yulianto (Kepala Biro Penelitian dan Pengembangan ELSAM Jakarta)

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Data Buku

Judul: Think tanks, Public Policy, and the Politics of Expertise
Penulis: Andrew Rich
Penerbit: Cambridge University Press
Cetakan: Pertama, 2004
Tebal: 258 hal

Kajian terhadap think tanks relatif jarang dilakukan selama lebih dari 30 tahun terakhir. Selain karena adanya bias dari ilmuwan sosial, kurangnya perhatian dan kajian ini juga berhubungan dengan karakter tradisional think tanks, yang cenderung bersifat low profile. Berdasar catatan Andrew Rich, sejak tahun 1970 sangat sedikit buku yang membahas persoalan think tanks, terutama di Amerika Serikat. Tidak ada artikel yang khusus membahas tentang think tanks, baik dalam jurnal ilmu politik maupun sosiologi, seperti American Political Science Review, American Journal of Political Science, maupun Journal of Politics di seperempat abad terakhir (h. 6). Oleh karenanya, buku karya Andrew Rich ini (terbit tahun 2004) menjadi menarik. Selain mengisi kurangnya literatur tentang think tanks dan perkembangannya, buku ini juga berusaha menjelaskan pengaruh think tanks dalam pembuatan kebijakan domestik di Amerika Serikat. []

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*See more for details: Populasi Vol. 23 No. 1 Tahun 2015